One Young India
Curious ComputingCredits

Curious ComputingCredits

Picture, video and data credits

Every picture, video and dataset in this course:who made it, where it comes from and the licence that lets us show it.Thank you to everyone who shares their work freely.

The course home

A small silicon chip under magnification, its circuits visible, joined by fine gold wires to the pads of its opened case.A chip opened up under magnification: its circuits in the middle, and fine gold wires joining it to the pins that connect it to the rest of a machine.Photo: Mister rf, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Part 1: How the internet actually works

A spool of thin glass fibre glowing bright green where a laser shines into it, on a lab bench in the dark.A spool of telecom optical fibre lit by a green laser.Photo: "Erbium-doped fiber with green light" by Ximeg, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
The circuit board of a mobile phone, covered by perforated metal cages, with one cage lifted off and lying beside it.Inside a mobile phone taken apart: metal cages shield its chips, and one cage has been lifted off to show the circuit beneath.Photo: Petteri Aimonen, public domain (released by its author), via Wikimedia Commons.
A grey roadside cabinet with its door open, showing racks of circuit boards and wiring beside a street pole.A traffic light controller at a street corner in Toronto, its door open.Photo: booledozer, public domain (released by its author), via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India.
A museum display of four glass-cased telephone switches labelled line finder, selector, selector and connector, beside a wall telephone.Telephone switches at a museum in Waltham, Massachusetts: a line finder, two selectors and a connector.Photo: Daderot, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoComputer Networks: Crash Course Computer Science #28From the channel CrashCourse. Watch the full video.
An open grey fibre distribution box on a wall, with orange and yellow optical fibre cords plugged into rows of connectors.An optical fibre distribution frame with its doors open.Photo: "Optical-fiber-distribution-frame-0a" by Adamantios, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India. The crop is shared under the same licence.
VideoIP Addresses and the Internet - ComputerphileFrom the channel Computerphile. Watch the full video.
Four cut samples of undersea cable on a stand, each showing glass fibres, steel, copper and plastic layers, the heaviest wrapped in armour.Cut samples of undersea telecom cables, from the heaviest armour on the left to the lightest on the right.Photo: Lonnie Hagadorn, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
Rows of computer racks full of stacked servers, their small green and blue lights glowing in a server room.Server racks in 2011, in the computer room of the building in Tucson, Arizona, that is now NOIRLab's headquarters.Photo: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/T. Slovinský, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India.
An old painting of a huge steamship with five masts and smoking funnels, ploughing through rough grey sea under a stormy sky.The steamship Great Eastern laying a telegraph cable across the Atlantic, in a painting by Henry Clifford.Painting: Henry Clifford, public domain (author died more than 70 years ago), via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoThe Internet: Crash Course Computer Science #29From the channel CrashCourse. Watch the full video.
The register panel of an early network machine: rows of lamps and switches above a red tag reading IMP register panel.The front panel of the first Interface Message Processor, at a lab in Los Angeles.Photo: "Interface Message Processor Front Panel" by FastLizard4, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India. The crop is shared under the same licence.
VideoThe World Wide Web: Crash Course Computer Science #30From the channel CrashCourse. Watch the full video.
An old black computer and monitor in a glass case, in front of a museum panel headed The world's first web server.The first web server, on show at CERN in Geneva, where the web was invented.Photo: Peter Arnold, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
A red and white mobile phone tower rising above trees and a tiled house, with forested hills behind under a clear sky.A mobile tower in the Western Ghats near Kollur, Karnataka.Photo: Adityamadhav83, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
Dozens of black overhead cables strung past a pole, with spare lengths wound into loose coils, against a blue sky.Communication cables coiled around a pole in Kolkata: one small piece of the internet, owned and looked after by someone.Photo: "Overhead Communication Cables - Kolkata 2011-08-29 4821" by Biswarup Ganguly, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India.

Part 2: Code, algorithms and their trade-⁠offs

Bright orange wires woven through rows of small rings and around black parts on a grey circuit board, in tight criss-cross bundles.Rope core memory from a computer made in about 1974: a program held in wires threaded through rows of small rings.Photo: Richstraka, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
A page of a medieval Latin manuscript in close handwriting, opening with a large decorated letter D.A page of a handwritten Latin translation of al-Khwarizmi's book on arithmetic, kept at Cambridge University Library.Scan: Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, public domain (author died more than 70 years ago), via Wikimedia Commons.
A printed table with many columns of small symbols and numbers, headed Diagram for the computation by the Engine of the Numbers of Bernoulli.Ada Lovelace's table of steps for the Analytical Engine to work out Bernoulli numbers, printed in 1843.Scan: Ada Lovelace, public domain (author died more than 70 years ago), via Wikimedia Commons.
Rows of grey punched cards strung beside the fine yellow threads of a hand loom.Pattern cards on a hand loom for silk saris in India.Photo: "India - Sights & Culture - Hand-loom pattern cards for silk sari weaving (2507306023)" by McKay Savage from London, UK, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
An engraved head-and-shoulders portrait of George Boole, a Victorian man with short dark hair, in a dark coat and white collar.George Boole, who set out the algebra of true and false in 1847 and 1854.Portrait: unknown engraver, public domain (published more than 60 years ago), via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoBoolean Logic & Logic Gates: Crash Course Computer Science #3From the channel CrashCourse. Watch the full video.
The silicon of a small chip under a microscope: thin metal paths between dark round pads around its square edge.The silicon of a small logic chip under a microscope.Photo: Robert.Baruch, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India. The crop is shared under the same licence.
Two stacks of circuit boards opened like books, each showing a fine dark grid of wires and tiny rings, with small chips along the top.Core memory from a rocket's guidance computer.Photo: "Titan Missile Core Memory Board (49570705568)" by Steve Jurvetson from Los Altos, USA, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
A pale punched card on red cloth, a line of program code printed along its top and holes punched down its columns.A punched card holding one line of a FORTRAN program, printed along its top.Photo: "FortranCardPROJ039.agr" by Arnold Reinhold, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India. The crop is shared under the same licence.
A blackened, crumpled metal box on a museum shelf, with a small sign reading support strut of the satellite structure.A piece recovered after the first Ariane 5 was lost on 4 June 1996: a support strut from its satellite structure.Photo: Deadpan, public domain (released by its author), via Wikimedia Commons.
A page of a handwritten logbook on squared paper, with a moth taped beside an entry reading first actual case of bug being found.The Harvard Mark II logbook page of 9 September 1947, with the moth taped in beside the words "First actual case of bug being found."Photo: U.S. Navy (NH 96566-KN), public domain (US government work, US military), via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoWhat's an algorithm? - David J. MalanFrom the channel TED-Ed. Watch the full video.
A wall of small wooden drawers with brass handles and label holders, in rows that fill the frame.Drawers of a card catalogue at the National Library of Israel in Jerusalem.Photo: "Drawers NLI" by יעל י, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoIntro to Algorithms: Crash Course Computer Science #13From the channel CrashCourse. Watch the full video.
A long grey machine in a museum case, with rows of small open boxes across its front where sorted letters landed.A high-speed letter sorting machine, now in a museum collection.Photo: "BLW High Speed Sorting Machine." by Mike Peel, CC BY-SA 2.0 uk, via Wikimedia Commons.

Part 3: What AI is, and is not

A tall research robot in a museum case: a camera and boxy sensors on a metal frame beneath a round antenna.Shakey, a research robot developed between 1966 and 1972, on show at the Computer History Museum.Photo: "Shakey the Robot (developed between 1966-1972 at SRI International) - Computer History Museum (2007-11-10 23.16.01 by Carlo Nardone)" by Carlo Nardone from Roma, Italy, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India. The crop is shared under the same licence.
VideoMachine Learning & Artificial Intelligence: Crash Course Computer Science #34From the channel CrashCourse. Watch the full video.
An old hand-coloured engraving of a turbaned figure seated at a chess cabinet, its doors open to show gears inside.The Turk, a chess-playing automaton, drawn with its doors open in a book that tried to explain its illusions.Engraving: Joseph Racknitz, public domain (author died more than 70 years ago), via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoSupervised Learning: Crash Course AI #2From the channel CrashCourse. Watch the full video.
Rows of small white handwritten digits on black, each row repeating one digit, from zero to nine, in many different hands.Handwritten digits from the MNIST test set, each a tiny picture 28 pixels square.Image: Suvanjanprasai, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoBut what is a neural network? | Deep learning chapter 1From the channel 3Blue1Brown. Watch the full video.
Dark nerve cells with thin branching fibres reaching upward through brown stained brain tissue, seen through a microscope.Purkinje cells, nerve cells of the cerebellum, in a stained slice of tissue under a microscope.Photo: Lazar.zenit, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoLarge Language Models explained brieflyFrom the channel 3Blue1Brown. Watch the full video.
An old teleprinter in a museum case, partly taken apart: a keyboard, a large drum of pale paper tape and its punch.A teleprinter, partly taken apart, at Bletchley Park: a keyboard, a drum of paper tape and a puncher.Photo: "Teleprinter at Bletchley Park" by Alex Chan, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India.
Two long rows of large round fans in brown steel frames: a cooling unit seen from above on a data centre roof.A cooling tower on the roof of a data centre in Mesa, Arizona.Photo: Rsparks3, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
An aircraft cockpit full of screens, dials and switches, with two pilots' knees and checklists visible in the seats.The cockpit of a US Air Force cargo plane, upgraded with a digital autopilot.Photo: Department of Defense. American Forces Information Service. Defense Visual Information Center. 1994, public domain (US government work, US military), via Wikimedia Commons.

Part 4: Your data, your security and your question

The inside of an opened hard disk drive seen side on: shiny stacked platters on a spindle and the arm that reads them.Inside an opened hard disk drive, seen from the side: two platters and the arm with the heads that read and write the data.Photo: Gunnar Wolf, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
A black robotic arm gripping a tape cartridge between long walls of stored cartridges in a dark tape library.A robotic arm inside a tape library, among walls of cartridges that hold stored data.Photo: Derrick Coetzee from Berkeley, CA, USA, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
An old metal card punch on a museum table, a paper card fixed in its curved plate beside a pointer arm.A Hollerith card punch at the Computer History Museum, with a card in place.Photo: "Hollerith card punch.agr" by ArnoldReinhold, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoCryptography: Crash Course Computer Science #33From the channel CrashCourse. Watch the full video.
An empty metal ballot box seen from above with its lid off, standing on the tiled floor of a polling station.An empty ballot box, opened for checking before voting begins at an election in Japan.Photo: Halowand, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
A clear plastic bag with folded banknotes inside, sealed with blue tape printed with the word VOID.Tamper-evident tape on a security bag: peel it off and the word VOID stays behind.Photo: Btamevi, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoCybersecurity: Crash Course Computer Science #31From the channel CrashCourse. Watch the full video.
A tall pale stone gateway streaked dark by rain, with a pointed carved arch below and a small window above.The Bala Hissar gate, the main gate of Golconda Fort.Photo: Rajashree Talukdar, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India. The crop is shared under the same licence.
A room-sized early computer: rows of tall panels with dials and cables, and a soldier setting switches at one of them.ENIAC at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, in a US Army photograph: one computer filling a room, and a soldier setting switches on one of its function tables.Photo: Unidentified U.S. Army photographer, public domain (US government work, US military), via Wikimedia Commons.

The free preview

A spool of thin glass fibre glowing bright green where a laser shines into it, on a lab bench in the dark.A spool of telecom optical fibre lit by a green laser.Photo: "Erbium-doped fiber with green light" by Ximeg, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
The circuit board of a mobile phone, covered by perforated metal cages, with one cage lifted off and lying beside it.Inside a mobile phone taken apart: metal cages shield its chips, and one cage has been lifted off to show the circuit beneath.Photo: Petteri Aimonen, public domain (released by its author), via Wikimedia Commons.
A grey roadside cabinet with its door open, showing racks of circuit boards and wiring beside a street pole.A traffic light controller at a street corner in Toronto, its door open.Photo: booledozer, public domain (released by its author), via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India.
A museum display of four glass-cased telephone switches labelled line finder, selector, selector and connector, beside a wall telephone.Telephone switches at a museum in Waltham, Massachusetts: a line finder, two selectors and a connector.Photo: Daderot, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
VideoComputer Networks: Crash Course Computer Science #28From the channel CrashCourse. Watch the full video.
An open grey fibre distribution box on a wall, with orange and yellow optical fibre cords plugged into rows of connectors.An optical fibre distribution frame with its doors open.Photo: "Optical-fiber-distribution-frame-0a" by Adamantios, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Cropped by One Young India. The crop is shared under the same licence.

Pictures are public domain or under a Creative Commons licence that allows reuse with credit; each one links to its licence and its source. Charts are drawn by One Young India from the data named under them. Videos play from their own channels.

Something wrong or missing?
Write to info@oneyoungindia.com.

Back to the course home