Introduction Like many great civilisations, the roots of the Chola, a Tamil Hindu dynasty in southern India, are hidden in the temporal mists of uncertainty and mystery. It is also known that they were influential from at least the 3rd century CE, emerging as a vassal state of the Pallava dynasty in the 9th century, retaining influence over Tanjavur (in the modern state of Tamil Nadu) with respectful devotion to Pallava authority. Around the middle of the 9th century, the sit

Indians Sculptures are artistic expressions that reflect cultural characteristics. The Indian subcontinent has a long history of sculptural art. Sculptural remains in various forms- bear witness to the masterly skills of craftsmen that existed and have survived the ages. Because cultural creation was thought to be a reflection of the divine, saundarya, or aesthetic pleasure, was built into its production and consumption. It's no surprise that the majority of ancient and media

Sangam literature is possibly the earliest written form of Tamil literature. The term 'Sangam' refers to the three academic/literary gatherings that took place between the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD. The 'Sangams' were organised under the patronage of the Pandya kings of Madurai where poets gathered and produced these masterpieces. The poetry of Sangam literature was written by both male and female poets from a variety of professions and social strata. 3 Sangams The