Introduction Vijayanagara, which means "city of victory," was both a city and an empire. In the fourteenth century, the empire was created. It once spanned from the Krishna river in the north to the peninsula's extreme south. In 1565, the city was sacked and afterwards abandoned. Although it was demolished in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it survived in the minds of residents of the Krishna-Tungabhadra doab. They called it Hampi, after the native mother deity Pamp