Introduction Recently, the Russian President announced the suspension of the NEW START Treaty, raising concerns of the beginning of the arms race. An agreement to limit nuclear weapons was struck by the US and Russia on April 8, 2010, and it went into effect on February 5, 2011. Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty is the acronym for "New START." The old START I Treaty, which had ended in December 2009, was replaced by this one. The New START Treaty places a cap on the number of n

Introduction A country's foreign policy is not created in a vacuum; it is influenced by the country's history, culture, political system, and other elements. Some of them, such as geography and natural boundaries, stay unaltered, but others, such as the internal and external environment, undergo regular and sometimes irreversible change. It is possible to understand elements of continuity and change in a country's foreign policy by referencing the significant effect of these

Introduction Para-diplomacy, as practised by sub-state governments, presents the concept of decentralisation of political power to make regional governments significant players in the international arena. Paradiplomacy also referred to as "state diplomacy," "regional diplomacy," and "subnational diplomacy," focuses on the ability of subnational governments to conduct foreign policy. Paradiplomacy creates space for external relations of subnational or federal units that might

Between North Korea and South Korea, the Korean War, often known by other names, lasted from 1950 to 1953. At least 2.5 million people died in the battle between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). In June 1950, North Korea invaded the South with assistance from and advice from the Soviet Union, escalating the conflict to a global scale. The People's Republic of China sided with South Korea in the conflict, while th

Introduction 'India and the Arctic: Building a Partnership for Sustainable Development,' India's Arctic policy, lays out six pillars: strengthening India's scientific research and cooperation, climate and environmental protection, economic and human development, transportation and connectivity, governance and international cooperation, and national capacity building in the Arctic region. Multiple stakeholders, including academia, the research community, business, and industry

Introduction The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership was introduced during the 19th Asean meet held in November 2011. The RCEP negotiations started during the 21st Asean Summit in Cambodia in November 2012. The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a free-trade agreement between the 10 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) members plus Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand and South Korea. It is worlds largest trade agreement. According to data

Introduction The Indian Armed Forces' 'Cold Start' doctrine envisions rapid deployment of soldiers on the western border within days if a full-fledged war scenario emerges. This concept intends to enable Indian troops to execute persistent strikes while preventing Pakistan from retaliating with nuclear weapons. A cohesive fighting force comprised of several components of India's military would carry out the mission. The 'Cold Start' philosophy started to find a place in the I

Introduction The rise of the Indo-Pacific as a new geographic space—uniting the Indian and Pacific Oceans—represents the twenty-first century's new geopolitical reality. Throughout history, the maritime domain has been a critical location for the establishment of new and emerging powers that have shaped regional dynamics and the broader security architecture. Today's great power rivalry is no different. As India and Australia have acknowledged, "many of the future issues are

Introduction In recent years, the Indian Ocean has attracted a lot of attention. It has now become the epicentre of global political squabbles, and its proximity to major countries and continents further adds to its significance. The Indian Ocean, as the world's third-largest ocean tied connected by trade routes, commands control of major sea lanes transporting half of the world's container ships, one-third of the world's bulk cargo traffic, and two-thirds of the world's oil

Introduction “Foreign Policy is a systematic statement of deliberately selected national interests. "~ Hartmann States now have to work with non-state entities more than ever before because of the increasing depth of globalisation and transnational activity. In order to optimise the benefits of international multilateral collaboration, the previously mentioned interaction is reviewed and monitored. Foreign policies are created by the government through high-level decision-mak

History & Background The relationship between India and Iran has spanned millennia and has been defined by memorable encounters. Until 1947, the two countries shared a border and share some characteristics in their languages, cultures, and traditions. The Indian subcontinent and the Persian Gulf share extensive commercial, energy, cultural, and inter-ethnic ties. On March 15, 1950, India and Iran established diplomatic relations. India has two consulates in Iran, one in Banda

Introduction Russia has been a reliable and long-standing partner of India for a long period of time. India's foreign policy has relied heavily on the development of India-Russia relations. Strategic Partnership Since the signing of the "Declaration on the India-Russia Strategic Partnership" in October 2000 (during President Putin's visit to India), India-Russia relations have taken on a qualitatively new dimension, with increased cooperation in nearly every area of the bilat

Introduction India and Nepal share a unique friendship as neighbouring states, both the countries also share collaboration ties, facilitated by an open border and deep-rooted kinship and cultural ties. There has been an open cross-border migratory tradition. Nepal shares an approximately 1850-kilometre-long border with five Indian states: Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. The India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1950 forms the bedrock of the

In recent years, the bilateral relationship between India and Australia has evolved into a strategic alliance, progressing in a favourable direction. Both the countries share many principles, including pluralistic Westminster-style democracies, Commonwealth traditions, increased economic ties, and increasing high-level connection. Long-standing people-to-people contacts, an increasing number of Indian students travelling to Australia for higher education, and growing tourist

History and Background India and Singapore have a millennia-old history of close commercial, cultural, and people-to-people ties. In 1819, Sir Stamford Raffles built a trading post in Singapore on the route of the Straits of Malacca. After then, Singapore became a crown colony and was controlled from Kolkata until 1867. India was one of the first countries to recognise Singapore in 1965. The colonial link between the countries is reflected in the institutions and customs, as

The abbreviation BRICS stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, a grouping of the world's leading emerging economies. British economist Jim O'Neill coined the term to describe the four growing economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The organisation was formally established at the inaugural meeting of BRIC Foreign Ministers in 2006 at the United Nations General Assembly and later South Africa was asked to join in December 2010, after which the abbrevi

In the last decade, under the leadership of former Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, the India-Brazil relationship has developed into a strategic partnership, encompassing all critical spheres of interaction at all three bilateral levels, including IBSA, BRICS, BSIC, G20, and G4, as well as the larger multi-rated arenas of the UN, WTO, UNESCO, and WIPO. President Dilma Rousseff's first visit to India, in March 2012, reaffirmed the relationship's commitment and co

Historical Background Prior to the arrival of colonial powers, the United States' east coast was connected to India and Africa. Trade routes between India's west coast and Africa's east coast were thriving. However, these trades gradually dwindled. Colonisation harmed contacts and eroded trade confidence. However, India's and Africa's independence accelerated the momentum once more. Despite its leadership in the fight against apartheid, particularly in South Africa, and for d

What is G-20? The G-20 is a global conference of the world's largest economies. Its members account for almost 80% of global GDP, 75% of global trade, and 60% of the global population. Origins and Evolution of the G-20 The G-20 was founded in September 1999 in the aftermath of the East Asian Crisis of 1997. It was formed as a group of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors from the 19 major nations and the EU. Better Representation of Emerging Economies: Despite their g