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How the Mongol Empire Created the Modern World
The Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan in the early 13th century, is often remembered for its brutal conquests and fearsome warriors....


The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire: What Led to Its Collapse?
Few empires in human history have matched the Roman Empire in terms of influence, longevity, and legacy. At its height in the 2nd century...


The World's Longest Rivers and Their Role in Civilization
Since the dawn of humanity, rivers have served as lifelines for civilizations. They provide water, transportation, fertile soil, and...


How Indian Mathematics Influenced the Islamic and European Worlds
Introduction Imagine a world without the number zero. No algebra. No decimal system. No trigonometry. Hard to picture, isn’t it? Yet, the...


The Big Bang: What Really Happened in the First Second?
That might sound like a line from a science fiction film, but it’s actually the best way we can describe the beginning of the universe as...


The Silk Road’s Influence on Fashion, Food, and Art: A Journey Beyond Trade
Introduction When we hear “Silk Road,” we often picture dusty caravans, precious silks, and exotic spices. But the Silk Road was much...


The Dawn of Domestication: How Humans and Animals First Became Partners
For thousands of years, humans have lived alongside domesticated animals—dogs, cats, cows, sheep, and more. But how did this incredible...


The Indus Valley Civilization: A Glimpse into One of the World's Oldest Urban Cultures
When we think of the cradles of ancient civilization, names like Egypt and Mesopotamia often come to mind. Yet nestled in the...


Mahajanapadas
Introduction Mahajanapadas meaning "Great Kingdoms" (from Maha, "great," and Janapada "foothold of a tribe," "country") Before and during...


Chola Art & Architecture
Introduction Like many great civilisations, the roots of the Chola, a Tamil Hindu dynasty in southern India, are hidden in the temporal...


Varna System
The protagonists of chaturvarnya do not seem to have considered what is to happen to women in their system. Are they also to be divided...


Vedas
Introduction The Vedas are widely regarded as the earliest literary record of Indo-Aryan culture and India's most revered texts. They are...


Hampi
Introduction Vijayanagara, which means "city of victory," was both a city and an empire. In the fourteenth century, the empire was...


Schools of Indian Philosophy
Introduction: After the state and the Varna divided social order were firmly established, ancient thinkers believed that an individual...


Indian Sculpture Schools
Indians Sculptures are artistic expressions that reflect cultural characteristics. The Indian subcontinent has a long history of...


Developments Of Crafts In India
History And Background According to archaeological evidence and literature, textile creation is an early Indian art form that predates...


Astronomy In Ancient India
Astronomy developed concurrently with mathematics as a complement to religious obsessions in the past. Both met the requirements of...


Mathematics In India
Aryabhatta: The Great Mathematician Aryabhatta wrote the Aryabhatiya, a 121-verse manuscript (476-529 A.D.). He invented methods for...


The Bhakti Sects: Bhagvatism, Vaishnavism & Shaivism
Bhagvatism Bhagvatism was founded on Vasudeva Krishna's worship. He is recognised as having founded Bhagwatism. Krishna makes his first...


Jainism: An Introduction
History & Background Jains were historically referred to as Sramanes. While Jainism makes no claim to a single founder, the Jain holy...


The Expansion Of Buddhism
In Theravada Buddhism, three collections of works are regarded as sacred scripture, collectively referred to as the "Three Baskets"...


Buddhism: An Introduction
History and Background The early stages of Buddhism were mostly limited to India and are commonly referred to as Theravada Buddhism....


Southern Dynasties: Literature, Features & Philosophy
The Emergence of Tamil Literature Tamil literature began to emerge during the Sangam Period. By the third century B.C., Tamil had...


Gupta Empire
The Gupta Empire ruled India between the early fourth and late sixth centuries CE. It ruled a large portion of the Indian subcontinent...
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