For centuries, borders have been drawn on maps with the assumption that land is permanent, stable, and immovable. But what happens when...

Few words in economics evoke as much anxiety as inflation and deflation . One conjures images of soaring grocery bills, shrinking...

Introduction: A World at a Crossroads For much of the twentieth century, liberal democracy was seen as the inevitable end point of human...

1. Introduction: A Trade War in the Making? Trade has always been at the heart of U.S.–India relations. For decades, the two nations have...

1. Introduction: A New Era in Global Finance? For decades, the global financial system has been dominated by the International Monetary...

1. Introduction: A Green Revolution with a Dark Underside In the 21st century, the global conversation around energy has shifted...

1. Introduction: A Region at the Crossroads The Sahel region — stretching from the Atlantic coast of Africa through Niger and into Sudan...

India's foreign policy has long been defined by a fine balancing act. Nowhere is this more evident than in its simultaneous diplomatic...

In 2018, former U.S. President Donald J. Trump launched a dramatic shift in American economic policy by waging a global trade war, the...

The return of the Taliban to power in Afghanistan in August 2021 marked a dramatic shift in South Asia’s geopolitical landscape. After...

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 remain one of the most significant and tragic moments in modern Chinese history. Often referred to...

What makes someone follow a leader—even when that leader is clearly flawed, corrupt, or even dangerous? From dictators and cult leaders...

When you hear the word "nation," what comes to mind? A flag fluttering in the wind? A map with neatly drawn borders? A stadium roaring...

From the thunder of horse-drawn chariots in ancient Mesopotamia to the digital battlegrounds of the 21st century, war has shaped...

When most people hear about Africa’s history, their minds leap directly to European colonization—the brutal scramble for territories, the...

American politics thrives on memorable slogans, and few politicians have mastered this better than Donald J. Trump . During his campaign...

The Cold War wasn’t just a prolonged period of ideological hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union. It was a global...

The Israel–Palestine conflict is one of the longest-running and most emotionally charged disputes in modern history. What began as a...

World War II is often remembered for its epic battles, unspeakable atrocities, and the profound reshaping of the modern world. At the...

Modern civilization runs on global trade, and global trade runs through narrow maritime corridors. The Suez Canal and Panama Canal are...

Energy powers everything—from homes and cars to factories and entire economies. But beyond its role in economic development, energy is...

Since taking power in 2000, Vladimir Putin has reshaped Russia's role on the world stage. His foreign policy has oscillated between...

In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping unveiled the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) — a massive global infrastructure development strategy...

Iran occupies a unique place in Middle Eastern geopolitics. With its ancient civilization, vast energy reserves, and revolutionary...