top of page


Tropical Cyclone
Introduction Tropical cyclones are violent storms that form over tropical oceans and move to coastal areas, causing widespread...


Stubble Burning
Introduction The practise of burning crop residue, particularly in North India, is a major contributor to air pollution. A major...


Hydrogen and Clean Energy Needs
Introduction Hydrogen is the most abundant and simplest element in the universe. On Earth, however, it is rarely found as a gas;...


Pacific Ring of Fire
Introduction The Circum-Pacific Belt, often known as the Ring of Fire, is a region along the Pacific Ocean marked by active volcanoes and...


Loss of Arctic Glaciers
Introduction Climate change brought on by global warming is causing the polar ice caps to melt. At a pace of about 13% every decade, the...


Deep Ocean Mission
Introduction The Government of India has launched its ambitious Deep Ocean Mission (DOM) through the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)...


Nationally Determined Contributions
Introduction Countries lay out their plans for reducing the emissions of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming and for dealing...


Ozone Layer Depletion
Introduction Ozone is a gas that exists both in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at ground level. Depending on where it is in the...


Milankovitch Oscillation and Climate Change
Introduction Cycles have a significant impact on the Earth's short- and long-term weather and climate. A century ago, Serbian scientist...


Ocean Currents
Introduction Ocean currents are the directional movement of seawater caused by gravity, wind (Coriolis Effect), and water density. Water...


Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a tool as explained by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is used to determine the...


Climate Change and Women
Introduction Climate change is a broad term that encompasses long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns. These variations...


Weather Fronts
Introduction When two dissimilar air masses clash, a border zone is known as a front that forms between them. A front is not a normal...


EL-NINO Circulations
What is El-Nino? El-Nino is the term used to describe the occurrence of warm ocean surface waters off the shores of Ecuador and Peru....


Solar Insolation
What is Solar Insolation? The sun is the sole source of energy for the earth's atmosphere which has to travel 93 million miles through...


Atmosphere of Earth
What exactly does the term "atmosphere" imply? The atmosphere is a thick gaseous envelope that wraps around the world on all sides like a...


Jet Streams - Climatology
What are Jet Streams?
The Jet Streams on earth are powerful and fast-moving circumpolar westerly air circulation.
bottom of page