Justice

Key people

• Katerina SakellaropoulouGreek judge, former president of the Hellenic Republic
• Phraya Manopakorn NitithadaPrime Minister of Siam from 1932 to 1933
• Piotr HofmańskiPolish jurist, university lecturer and judge at the International Criminal Court
• Sheila Abdus-SalaamAmerican judge

Read

• JurgenJames Branch Cabell · 1919Book
• A Certain JusticeP. D. James · 1997Book
• Scales of JusticeNgaio Marsh · 1955Book
• JusticeMichael J. Sandel · 2007Book

Listen

• Strict ScrutinyStrict ScrutinyPodcast
• UnJustifiedMSW MediaPodcast
• Cup Of JusticeLUNASHARKPodcast
• Law and ChaosLiz Dye; Andrew TorrezPodcast

Voices to follow

• Adam Baczko@AdamBaczko · XFrench political scientist and sociologist

By the numbers

• 27.2Women in parliament (%) — global, 2025 (World Bank)

Debates

• Should justice prioritize punishment or rehabilitation?One view: Punishment deters crime and ensures offenders face consequences for their actions, upholding societal order. · Another: Rehabilitation addresses root causes of crime, reduces reoffending, and reintegrates individuals into society, leading to long-term safety.Open question
• Is the justice system truly equitable for all?One view: The justice system aims for impartiality through laws and procedures, ensuring everyone is treated equally under the law. · Another: Systemic biases, socioeconomic disparities, and unequal access to legal resources often lead to unequal outcomes for different groups.Open question
• Should victims have a direct role in sentencing decisions?One view: Victims' perspectives are crucial for acknowledging their suffering and ensuring sentences reflect the full impact of the crime. · Another: Sentencing should be based on legal principles and evidence, not emotional responses, to maintain fairness and consistency.Open question

Glossary

• JusticeFairness in the way people are treated, especially in law.
• EquityThe quality of being fair and impartial, often requiring different treatment to achieve equal outcomes.
• Due ProcessThe legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.
• Rule of LawThe principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced.
• Restorative JusticeAn approach to justice that focuses on repairing harm caused by crime through dialogue and community involvement.
• Retributive JusticeA theory of justice that holds that the best response to crime is punishment proportional to the offense.

Careers

Roles this can lead toward

Student research

Published policy papers by One Young India delegates — every delegate leaves published under their own name.

• Judicial Singularity and AI-Powered JusticeMukund Bubna
• Pendency in the Legal Justice System - Case Study of IndiaPakhi Chamaria

Threads 3

Where this connects to other fields — and why it's worth knowing.

• Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Technology

  When AI predicts things like who might reoffend, people demanded it be 'fair.' But mathematicians proved something wild: you literally cannot satisfy every reasonable definition of fair at the same time. So building 'fair' AI forces a hard choice about which kind of unfairness you're willing to keep.

• Technology Ethics & the Digital Society Technology

  People argued forever about what 'fair' means, then math ended the debate badly. You provably cannot build a risk score that is equally accurate and equally error-prone for every group at the same time; you must sacrifice one. A dorm-room philosophy fight became a cold theorem that no clever coder can dodge.

• Healthcare Systems & Access Health

  When a new drug costs a fortune, someone has to decide who gets it. Health systems actually put a price tag on a year of healthy human life, then do the math. So the huge, misty question 'what's fair?' quietly turns into a number in a spreadsheet.